GuLoader is a small, shellcode-based downloader built around aggressive anti-analysis, used to fetch and decrypt a final-stage payload that is frequently hosted on legitimate public cloud services such as Google Drive, OneDrive and Dropbox. It is essentially a commercial crypter and delivery layer; researchers tied it to the Italian firm “CloudEyE,” earlier marketed as the “DarkEyE” crypter. It remains one of the most persistent commodity first-stage downloaders behind infostealer and RAT infections. MITRE ATT&CK tracks it as S0561.
Overview
GuLoader is a crypter and loader-as-a-service used by many unrelated operators. Per Malpedia it typically downloads RATs and stealers including Agent Tesla, Vidar, FormBook, Lokibot, NetWire and Remcos, commonly pulled XOR-encrypted from Google Drive. Check Point exposed the CloudEyE link in June 2020, when the firm advertised monthly tiers around $100, $200 and $750 and researchers estimated roughly $500,000 per month in criminal sales — a researcher estimate, not an audited figure.
How It Works
- Shellcode delivery: a VBScript or dropper runs anti-analysis checks, then injects embedded shellcode that downloads and decrypts the final payload. T1106 T1055
- Cloud-hosted payloads: the encrypted blob is pulled from Google Drive, OneDrive or Dropbox, so the download looks benign. T1105 T1071.001
- Anti-analysis: scans process memory for VM strings, checks for debuggers and breakpoints and terminates if found, and uses redundant injection with inline assembly to bypass user-mode API hooks. T1497.001 T1497.003
- Donor-process injection into a suspended legitimate process (MITRE notes
RegAsm.exeas a donor), with RunOnce persistence and deletion of the dropper from%TEMP%. T1547.001 T1070.004
Delivery
GuLoader arrives through phishing emails carrying archive attachments or links to script downloaders, often with tax, invoice and business-themed lures, and has appeared in steganographic campaigns such as TA558’s SteganoAmor. T1566.002 T1204.002
MITRE ATT&CK Mapping (S0561)
| Tactic | Technique | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Command and Control | T1071.001 Web Protocols | Retrieve payload |
| Command and Control | T1105 Ingress Tool Transfer | Cloud-hosted blob |
| Defense Evasion | T1055 Process Injection | Shellcode into donor process |
| Defense Evasion | T1497.001 System Checks | VM-string memory scan |
| Defense Evasion | T1070.004 File Deletion | Removes dropper from %TEMP% |
| Persistence | T1547.001 Registry Run Keys | RunOnce |
Detection & Mitigation
- Inspect or constrain script execution (WScript, VBS); monitor injection into donor processes such as
RegAsm.exe. - Alert on cloud-storage downloads of encrypted blobs by scripting or utility processes followed by in-memory decryption.
- Email filtering for archive attachments and script-download links; EDR memory scanning and application control to limit abusable binaries.
Stop Loaders Before the Payload
Mjolnir Security helps organisations detect downloaders and the payloads they stage from the cloud.
- Managed Detection and Response Monitoring for shellcode injection into donor processes and cloud-hosted encrypted downloads.
- Email Security and Phishing Defense Attachment and script-link controls against downloader delivery.
- 24/7 Incident Response Containment before payload deployment. Call +1 833 403 5875.
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