Iranian group targeting Middle Eastern government and business organizations using publicly available tools and vulnerability scanning. This profile is mapped to MITRE ATT&CK G0077 and covers attribution, tooling, targeting, and defensive recommendations based on observed campaigns.
Overview & Attribution
Leafminer (also tracked as Raspite) is a threat group attributed to Iran. The group primarily targets Middle East government, energy, logistics for intelligence collection and operational objectives aligned with state interests.
This group is tracked as G0077 in the MITRE ATT&CK framework. All techniques referenced in this report are mapped to ATT&CK for consistent threat modeling and detection engineering.
Arsenal & Tools
Known tools and malware associated with Leafminer include:
- Mimikatz
- Impacket
- custom droppers
Targeting & Operations
Leafminer operations focus on Middle East government, energy, logistics. The group typically gains initial access through spear-phishing, exploitation of public-facing applications, or strategic web compromises before deploying custom implants for persistent access and data exfiltration.
Organizations in the Middle East government sector should treat Leafminer as a relevant threat and validate their detection coverage against the MITRE ATT&CK techniques listed below.
MITRE ATT&CK Mapping
Key techniques observed in Leafminer operations:
| Technique ID | Technique Name | Tactical Context |
|---|---|---|
| T1190 | T1190 | Observed in Leafminer campaigns |
| T1059.001 | T1059.001 | Observed in Leafminer campaigns |
| T1003.001 | T1003.001 | Observed in Leafminer campaigns |
| T1046 | T1046 | Observed in Leafminer campaigns |
Full ATT&CK mapping: https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077/
Notable Campaigns
This threat group has been active in operations targeting Middle East government, energy, logistics. Security researchers have documented campaigns involving Mimikatz and other tools deployed against organizations in multiple countries. Attribution confidence varies by campaign, but consistent infrastructure and TTP overlap links activity to Iran-nexus operations.
Detection & Defense
Recommended defensive measures against Leafminer:
- Network monitoring: Detect C2 beaconing patterns associated with Mimikatz and related implants
- Endpoint detection: Deploy behavioral rules for the ATT&CK techniques above, particularly T1190 and T1059.001
- Email security: Implement robust phishing defenses including URL sandboxing and attachment detonation
- Patch management: Prioritize patching of internet-facing applications exploited by this group
- Threat hunting: Proactively hunt for IOCs and behavioral indicators mapped to G0077 in MITRE ATT&CK
How Mjolnir Security Can Help
Defend Against Leafminer
Mjolnir Security provides tailored threat intelligence, detection engineering, and incident response services to help organizations defend against Iran-nexus threat actors.
Contact us: mjolnirsecurity.com
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